Healthcare Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human services Management - Research Paper Example For Mini, her activity was to recognize the administrative procedures that must be executed, structured, and finished preceding opening day. Till now, she had distinguished a few procedures, as budgetary administration, HR, flexibly chain the executives, legislative consistence, and credentialing that would work behind giving Dr. Yen his fantasy solo practice. In any case, the principle challenge in this circumstance was to guarantee that the training is prepared to work in 60 days. With no beam of daylight originating from the sky, Mini planned to discover a lightning of inventiveness to distinguish administrative procedures that must be executed, structured, and finished before opening day. Smaller than expected set to work quickly and began with the foundation. FroYen Clinic is a center that is created and made for those people who need administrations for a specialist in the zone of XYM. The administration that will be gotten under way in the coming 60 days has set its attention on those people just as patients that need a reasonable, solid, and clean spot for the fix of their disease or issues. The market distinguished along these lines starts from low end and proceeds till the top of the line advertise where more inclination is on those patients who have enough cash for human services. So as to set the activities of FroYen Clinic moving, the primary target is to start an assistance for those people who have salary for human services. ... With the assistance of Dr. Yen’s best doctor rehearses, in this manner portraying the administration, support of the quality gauges, building up an encouraging domain for the patients, and the enactment of solid administrative practices, the certainty of the focused on market would be anything but difficult to pick up. Zwith the measure of income produced throughout the years, the center will likewise grow by buying the significant machines. The financing will be completed from the underlying capital and credits. For FroYen Clinic to be working in the wellbeing part condition would mean adding a colossal commitment to the previously existing framework. This progression will in this way decrease the convergence of patients for different clinics at the XYM region. The built up center will thus, have adequate assets and expert lead of the doctor that will function as a bit of leeway for the FroYen Clinic just as the patients the greater part of the occasions. The facility will be following an outcome based execution assessment structure with the goal that the wasteful aspects can be adequately routed to guarantee more noteworthy quality. A performance practice faces various difficulties yet creating procedures to guarantee accessibility of value wellbeing administration will move in the direction of diminishing those difficulties. FroYen Clinic will hence fill in as a way to restoring ailment using effective clinical medicines and will initiate its activities in the coming 60 days. The center will begin on July tenth 2012 and will be built up at the XYM Place Nth Ave with one doctor that is Dr. Yen, a doctor right hand, a medical attendant professional, and a secretary. The one Line Pitch recognized for FroYen Clinic is thusly: â€Å"Because We

No Se Essays

No Se Essays No Se Essay No Se Essay Clarify every one of your answers utilizing the Problem-Solving Technique 1. A cylinder chamber gadget at first contains 0. 07 m3 of nitrogen at 130 kPa and 120oC. The nitrogen is presently extended polytropically to a condition of 100 kPa and 100oC. Decide the limit work during this procedure. 2. A cylinder chamber gadget with a lot of stops at first contains 0. 3 kg of steam at 1. 0 MPa and 400oC. The area of the stops compares to 60 percent of the underlying volume. Presently the steam is cooled. Decide the pressure work if the last state is (a) 1. Mpa and 250 oC and (b) 500 kPa. (c) Also decide the temperature at the last state to some degree (b) 3. A frictionless cylinder chamber gadget at first contains 200L of immersed fluid refrigerant-134a. The cylinder is allowed to move, and its mass is with the end goal that it keeps up a weight of 900 kPa on the refrigerant. The refrigerant is presently warmed until its temperature ascends to 70oC. Compute the work done during this proce dure. 4. A mass of 2. 4 kg of air at 150 kPa and 12oC is contained in a gas-tight, frictionless cylinder chamber gadget. The air is presently packed to a last weight of 600 kPa. During the procedure, heat is moved from the air to such an extent that the temperature inside the chamber stays consistent. Figure the work contribution during this procedure. 5. Immerse water fume at 200oC is isothermally dense to a soaked fluid in a cylinder chamber gadget. Figure the warmth move and the work done during this procedure in kJ/kg. 6. A protected cylinder chamber gadget contains 5 L of soaked fluid water at a steady weight of 175 kPa. Water is mixed by an oar wheel while an ebb and flow of 8 A streams for 45 min through a resistor put in the water. In one-portion of the fluid is vanished during this steady weight process and the oar wheel work adds up to 400 kJ, decide the voltage of the source. Likewise, show the procedure on a P-v graph as for the immersion lines. 7. 1-kg of oxygen is warmed from 25oC to 300oC. Decide the measure of warmth moved required when this is finished during an (a) steady volume procedure and (b) isobaric process.

2013 Freshman Decisions are Available - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2013 Freshman Decisions are Available - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2013 Freshman Decisions are Available Final freshman decisions are now available online. We had a very strong applicant pool this year! We had about 21,000 applications which was our largest applicant pool ever. Here are a few notes about decisions: Please do not have multiple family members try to log onto the myStatus. This will slow down our serves. We suggest that only the student log in as multiple people logging in could lock down your myStatus. You can always share this information with family members after you see it. Before commenting about other students who have a decision, please review the Elephant Fable post (http://ugaadmissions.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-elephant-parable-2013-edition.html ) and remember that you may not know everything about another student. We will delete any comments that are offensive, ask for personal information/stats from others, or that fall into the unacceptable comment category (Comments that bully, intimidate, or harass any user; Content that is hateful or threatening. Please see the New Visitors information posted on the right side of the blog). We have posted three blog posts this morning, one for each of the three decision possibilities, with details about each decision and links to FAQs. Please review everything about a decision before commenting. Please remember that other students and the admissions representatives in our office are people too and treat everyone with respect. Before hitting submit on a comment, make sure you actually want to post it. We will post statistics about the overall applicant group next week, once that information is available. No matter what your decision is, remember that there are a number of college options and UGA is just one of them. After decisions are out, the next steps are up to you. Whether you are depositing at UGA or another school, signing up for Housing, or registering for Orientation. Make sure you take care of everything you need to post-decision. Go Dawgs!

The Market Uber Alles The Problem Of The Media - 896 Words

McChesney, R. W. (2004). The Market Uber Alles. The Problem of the Media: U.S. Communication Politics in the Twenty-First Century (pp. 192-209). New York, NY: Monthly Preview PJenica Rosal Profit Motives in Narcos Narcos is a recent Netflix original drama series that contains true events regarding the famous Colombian drug lord, Pablo Escobar. Primarily, the series shows Escobar’s road to being a successful drug dealer as well as his downfall since he is chased by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), mainly the DEA agent Steve Murphy. Particularly, the first episode of Narcos shows how Escobar transforms into the notorious drug dealer when Cockroach introduces him to the new addictive drug cocaine. Although DEA agents ceased kilos of cocaine in Miami, it was only a small portion of Escobar’s successful deliveries. Basically, the episode ended with Cockroach’s death since he betrayed Escobar and the fight between Escobar and Murphy begins when Escobar offers half a million to whomever kills the DEA agent. Netflix effectively draws in viewers to watch Narcos, however, these media networks compromise the media’s creativity and quality to achieve maximal profit. These networks attain this goal through stereotyping characters, exposing the audience to similar events, and showing violence and sexuality. Stereotyping is a mechanism widely used by media networks due to its many benefits. First of all, it is time-efficient which makes the production of shows simpler and smoother,Show MoreRelatedUber Strategy Essay4744 Words   |  19 Pages| | [uber] – HOW A TECHNOLOGY FIRM IS changing the traditional transportation model | | By Mark Boeckel, Brent Sprunger, Kevin Smith, and Emily WorkMarch 6th, 2012 | Executive Summary Uber is an App-Powered on-demand car service provider for smart phones. Notwithstanding its very unique name, investors have begun to take note of Uber during the past year as it has stolen market share from traditional transportation companies. We will analyze the value proposition of its technologyRead MoreUber Strategy4760 Words   |  20 Pages| | [uber] – HOW A TECHNOLOGY FIRM IS changing the traditional transportation model | | By Mark Boeckel, Brent Sprunger, Kevin Smith, and Emily WorkMarch 6th, 2012 | Executive Summary Uber is an App-Powered on-demand car service provider for smart phones. Notwithstanding its very unique name, investors have begun to take note of Uber during the past year as it has stolen market share from traditional transportation companies. We will analyze the value proposition of its technologyRead MoreWal Mart Analysis8708 Words   |  35 Pages($1.248) in less than a decade. This reflected an increase of almost 5,000% (50 fold) since Wal-Mart became incorporated in 1969 (Wal-Mart Stores, 2005). The 1980s saw the emphasis being placed on the further expansion of the company into other markets, as well as the growing use of technology as a competitive weapon. Wal-Mart opened its first warehouse club, SAM S Club, in April, 1983. The first Wal-Mart Supercenter, which had 36 general merchandise departments and a complete grocery department

The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin - 881 Words

â€Å"The Story of an Hour written by Kate Chopin is one of the most popular short story in literature. This story is somewhere reflected on real life of Kate Chopin, where she had to raise six children by herself after her husband’s death and other struggles in society. Kate Chopin used her literature knowledge to show woman’s freedom and other role of woman in society back in 1900th century. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is also related to woman’s role in society, the story talks about the wife and husband’s relationship, and freedom for a woman. One of the main characters in the story named Mrs. Mallard, who seems unhappy with her marriage life with Brently, and has some health issues. This leads to success of this story with a surprising and unexpected ending. The surprise ending of â€Å"The Story of an Hour written by Kate Chopin is successful due to her use of symbolism, foreshowing, and irony. First of all, Kate Chopin demonstrates her literately knowledge vie symbolism in her short story. She uses the symbol of freedom for a woman in society during that period of time, which leads to her story to surprise ending. One of the symbol she uses is an open window, when she mentions â€Å"She [Mrs. Mallard] could see wonderful blue shy, top of the trees which were aquiver with new begging, the exquisite breath of rain in the air from her open window† (Chopin 180). The open window and the view indicate new life and better future for herself with freedom, also other occasions that are waitingShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1241 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to find pleasure in it. Many of the elements Kate Chopin writes about in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this short story, told in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage with herRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of an Hour In the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is about pleasure of freedom and the oppression of marriage. Just like in Kate Chopin’s story, inside most marriages, even the ones that seem to be the happiest, one can be oppressed. Even though, one might seem to be happy deep inside they miss the pleasure of freedom and living life to the fullest. Just like, in this story Mrs. Mallard feels trapped and when she hears about her husband’s death she first feels distraught, but ultimatelyRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1457 Words   |  6 PagesEmotions and Death Everyone who reads a story will interpret things slightly different than the person who reads it before or after him or her. This idea plays out with most every story, book, song, and movie. These interpretations create conflict and allow people to discuss different ideas and opinions. Without this conflict of thought there is no one devoting time to debate the true meaning of a text. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† tells about a woman who is informed of her husbands deathRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin987 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† reader’s see a potentially long story put into a few pages filled with rising action, climax and even death. In the beginning of the story, character Louise Mallard, who has a heart condition, is told of the death of her husband by her sister and one of her husband’s friends. Afterwards Mrs. Mallard is filled with emptiness and then joy of freedom. This joy of freedom is actually what consequently leads to her death in the end when she discoversRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1061 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, readers are introduced to characters whose lives change drastically in the course of this writing. Through Kate Chopin’s story we can identify many different themes and examples of symbolism in her writing. Chopin’s choice of themes in this writing are no surprise due to the time frame of which this story was written. Chopin often wrote stories with of women’s rights, and is noted as one of America’s first open feminists. 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People can read thousands of stories in their life times and only a handful will every stand out to them, stories that can draw out an emotion or spark a thought are the ones that will standout more. For me and â€Å"a story of an hour† the thought of freedom is what draws me the most as a teenageRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kat e Chopin1542 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"Story of an Hour†, Kate Chopin writes about a woman with heart trouble, Mrs. Mallard, who, in finding out about the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard, experiences some initial feelings of sadness which quickly transition into the exhilarating discovery of the idea of a newfound freedom lying in front of her. When it is later revealed that her husband is not actually dead, she realizes she will not get to taste that freedom. The devastation kills her. What Mrs. Mallard goes throughRead MoreThe Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin596 Words   |  2 PagesIn â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Kate Chopin focuses on the idea of freedom throughout the story. Mrs. Mallard is a lonely wife who suffers from heart trouble. She is told by her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards that her husband has passed away in a train accident. She locks herself in a room expecting to be devastated, but instead feels freedom. Later, she exits her room and her husband walks through the door, causing her to die of a heart attack. Chopin uses this story to demonstrateRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin886 Words   |  4 Pages In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the reader is presented with the theme of prohibited independence. In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Storm†, the scenery in this story builds the perfect atmosphere for an adulterous affair. The importance of these stories is to understand the era they occurred. Kate Chopin wrote stories with exceptional openness about sexual desires. In â€Å"The Storm†, a short story written by Kate Chopin in a time when women were expected to act a certain way and sexual cravings was considered

Lean Six Sigma in Hrm Free Essays

string(92) " unique event dependent on so many changing conditions, which cannot be reproduced exactly\." 1 Lean Six Sigma in the Service Industry Alessandro Laureani University of Strathclyde United Kingdom 1. Introduction The business improvement methodology known as Lean Six Sigma is rooted in the manufacturing industry, where it developed over the past few decades, reaching widespread adoption worldwide. However, according to the World Economic Outlook Database, published in April 2011, by the International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2011), the distribution of PPP (Purchase Power Parity) GDP, in 2010, among various industry sectors in the main worldwide economies, reflected a decline in the industrial sector, with the service sector now representing three-quarters of the US economy and more than half of the European economies. We will write a custom essay sample on Lean Six Sigma in Hrm or any similar topic only for you Order Now PPP GDP 2010 Agriculture Industry Service European Union 5. 7% 30. 7% 63. 6% United States 1. 2% 22. 2% 76. 7% China . 6% 46. 8% 43. 6% India 16. 1% 28. 6% 55. 3% Table 1. PPP GDP Sector Comparison 2010. In light of the increasing importance of the service sector, the objective of this chapter is to discuss whether the business improvement methodology known as Lean Six Sigma is applicable to the service industry as well, and illustrate some case study applications. 2. What is Lean Six Sigma? Lean Six Sigma is a business improvement methodology that aims to maximize shareholders’ value by improving quality, speed, customer satisfaction, and costs. It achieves this by merging tools and principles from both Lean and Six Sigma. It has been widely adopted widely in manufacturing and service industries, and its success in some famous organizations (e. g. GE and Motorola) has created a copycat phenomenon, with many organizations across the world willing to replicate the success. www. intechopen. com 4 Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management Lean and Six Sigma have followed independent paths since the 1980s, when the terms were first hard-coded and defined.  Control Key and Word – Text and Graphics. The first applications of Lean were recorded in the Michigan plants of Ford in 1913, and were then developed to perfection in Japan (within the Toyota Production System), while Six Sigma saw the light in the United States (within the Motorola Research Centre). Lean is a process-improvement methodology, used to deliver products and services better, faster, and at a lower cost. Womack and Jones (1996) defined it as: †¦ a way to specify value, line up value-creating actions in the best sequence, conduct those activities without interruption whenever someone requests them, and perform them more and more effectively. In short, lean thinking is lean because it provides a way to do more and more with less and less—less human effort, less human equipment, less time, and less space—while coming closer and closer to providing customers with exactly what they want. (Womack and Jones, 1996:p. ) Six Sigma is a data-driven process improvement methodology used to achieve stable and predictable process results, reducing process variation and defects. Snee (1999) defined it as: ‘a business strategy that seeks to identify and eliminate causes of errors or defects or failures in business processes by focusing on outputs that are critical to customers’. While both Lean and Six Sigma have been used for many years, they were not integrated until the late 1990s and early 2000s (George, 2002; George, 2003). Today, Lean Six Sigma is recognized as: ‘a business strategy and methodology that increases process performance resulting in enhanced customer satisfaction and improved bottom line results’ (Snee, 2010). Lean Six Sigma uses tools from both toolboxes, in order to get the best from the two methodologies, increasing speed while also increasing accuracy. The benefits of Lean Six Sigma in the industrial world (both in manufacturing and services) have been highlighted extensively in the literature and include the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Ensuring services/products conform to what the customer needs (‘voice of the customer’). Removing non-value adding steps (waste) in critical business processes. Reducing the cost of poor quality. Reducing the incidence of defective products/transactions. Shortening the cycle time. Delivering the correct product/service at the right time in the right place. Antony, 2005a; Antony, 2005b) Examples of real benefits in various sectors are illustrated in Table 2. One of the key aspects differentiating Lean Six Sigma from previous quality initiatives is the organization and structure of the quality implementation functions. In quality initiatives prior to Lean Six Sigma, the management of quality was relegated largely to the production floor and/or, in larger organizations, to some statisticians in the quality depart ment. Instead, Lean Six Sigma introduces a formal organizational infrastructure for different quality implementation roles, borrowing terminology from the world of martial arts to define hierarchy and career paths (Snee, 2004; Antony, Kumar Madu, 2005c; Antony, Kumar Tiwarid, 2005d; Pande, Neuman Cavanagh, 2000; Harry Schroeder, 1999; Adams, Gupta Wilson, 2003). www. intechopen. com Lean Six Sigma in the Service Industry 5 Table 2. Benefits of Six Sigma in Service Organizations (Antony, Kumar Cho, 2007). 3. Lean Six Sigma and the service industry The service industry has its own special characteristics, which differentiate it from manufacturing and make it harder to apply Lean Six Sigma tools, which can be summarized in the following main areas (Kotler, 1997; Regan 1963; Zeithmal, Parasur and Berry 1985): Intangibility: Although services can be consumed and perceived, they cannot be measured easily and objectively, like manufacturing products. An objective measurement is a critical aspect of Six Sigma, which requires data-driven decisions to eliminate defects and reduce variation. The lack of objective metrics is usually addressed in service organizations through the use of proxy metrics (e. g. customer survey). Perishability: Services cannot be inventoried, but are instead delivered simultaneously in response to the demand for them. As a consequence, services processes contain far too much ‘work-in-process’ and work can spend more than 90% of its time waiting to be executed (George, 2003). Inseparability: Delivery and consumption of service is simultaneous. This adds complexity to service processes, unknown to manufacturing. Having customers waiting in line or on the phone involves some emotional management, not present in a manufacturing process. Variability: Each service is a unique event dependent on so many changing conditions, which cannot be reproduced exactly. You read "Lean Six Sigma in Hrm" in category "Papers" As a result of this, the variability in service processes is much higher than in manufacturing processes, leading to very different customer experiences. www. intechopen. com 6 Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management Owing to these inherent differences, it has been harder for service organizations, such as financial companies, health-care providers, retail and hospitality organizations, to apply Lean Six Sigma to their own reality. However, there are also great opportunities in the service organizations (George 2003): – – Empirical data has shown the cost of services are inflated by 30–80% of waste. Service functions have little or no history of using data to make decisions. It is often difficult to retrieve data and many key decision-makers may not be as ‘numerically literate’ as some of their manufacturing counterparts. Approximately 30–50% of the cost in a service organization is caused by costs related to slow speed, or carrying out work again to satisfy customer needs. In the last few years, successful applications in service organizations have come to fruition and we will illustrate three possible applications: in a call centre, in human resources, and finally in a healthcare provider. 4. Case study 1: Lean Six Sigma in a call centre (Laureani et al, 2010a) The two major types of call centres are outbound centres and inbound centres. The most common are inbound call centre operations. Almost everyone in their daily life has had to call one of those centres for a variety of reasons. Outbound centres are used more in areas such as marketing, sales and credit collection. In these instances, it is the call centre operators who establish contact with the user. Although there are some differences between outbound and inbound call centres, they each have certain potential benefits and challenges, with regard to the implementation of Lean Six Sigma. Benefits Some of the benefits that Lean Six Sigma can deliver in a call centre are (Jacowski, 2008; Gettys, 2009): . 2. 3. 4. 5. Streamlining the operations of the call centre: Lean strategy helps in eliminating waste and other non-value added activities from the process. Decreasing the number of lost calls: Six Sigma’s root-cause analysis and hypothesistesting techniques can assist in determining how much time to spend on different type of calls, thus providing a guide to the operators. Better use of resources (both hu man resources and technology), thus leading to a reduction in the cost of running such centres. Unveiling the ‘hidden factory’: establishing the root causes of why customers call in the first place can help in uncovering trouble further along the process, providing benefits that go further than the call centre itself, improving customer service and support. Reducing employee turnover: call centres are usually characterized by high employee turnover, owing to the highly stressful work environment. A more streamlined operation would assist in reducing operators’ stress, particularly in an inbound centre. Challenges Specific challenges of applying Lean Six Sigma in a call centre environment (Piercy Rich, 2009): www. intechopen. com 7 Lean Six Sigma in the Service Industry 1. 2. 3. The relentless pace of the activity (often 24/7) makes it more difficult for key staff to find the time to become involved in projects and Lean Six Sigma training. The realization of an appropriate measurement system analysis (MSA) (Wheeler Lyday, 1990) is difficult because of the inherent subjectivity and interpretation of some call types, failing reproducibility tests of different call centre operators. High employee turnover, that normally characterizes call centres, makes it more difficult for the programme to remain in the organization. Strengths Weaknesses ? ? Root cause analysis can determine major reasons for customers’ calls, helping to unveil problems further along the value stream map of the company Lean Six Sigma deployment requires significant investment in training, that may be difficult from a time perspective in a fastpaced environment such as a call centre Opportunities Threats ? ? ? ? ? Decrease number of lost calls Reduce waiting time for calls in the queue Improve employee productivity (i. . number of calls dealt with by the hour) ? Lack of metrics Lack of support from process owner Preconceived ideas Table 3. SWOT Analysis for the Use of Lean Six Sigma in a Call Centre. Overall, the opportunities far outweigh the challenges. Call centres nowadays are more than just operations: they are the first, and sometimes a unique, point of contact that a company may h ave with its customers. Their efficient and effective running, and their timely resolution of customers’ queries, all go a long way to establishing the company’s brand and image. Project selection is a critical component of success. Not all projects may be suitable candidates for the application of Lean Six Sigma, and this needs to be kept in mind in assessing the operation of a call centre. Also, different tools and techniques may be more suited to a specific project, depending on the nature and characteristics of the process it is trying to address. Projects that better lend themselves to Lean Six Sigma share, inter alia, the following characteristics: ? The focus of the project is on a process that is either not in statistical control (unstable) or outside customer specifications (incapable). As already mentioned in the introduction, Six Sigma techniques focus on reducing the variation in a process, making them the ideal tools for tackling an incapable but stable process, whereas Lean tools focus more on the elimination of waste and would be the first port of call for streamlining an unstable process. Priority should be given to unstable processes, using Lean tools to eliminate the waste and simplify the process. Once it has stabilized, more advanced statistical tools from the Six Sigma toolbox, can be used to reduce variation and make the process capable. ww. intechopen. com 8 ? ? ? Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management The root reason(s) for this has not been identified yet. It is important to start work on the project with an open mind and without any prejudice. Data and hard facts should guide the project along its path. Quantitative metrics of the process are available. A lack of measures and failing to realize a complete measurement system analysis (MSA) (Wheeler Lyday, 1990) can seriously jeopardize any improvement effort. The process owner is supportive and willing to provide data and resources. This is critical for the ongoing success of the project; the process owner’s role is discussed in detail in the Control Phase section. Potential areas of focus for Six Sigma projects in call centres (Gettys, 2009): ? ? ? ? Lost call ratio out of total calls for an inbound call centre; Customer waiting/holding times for an inbound call centre; First-call resolution; Calls back inflating call volumes. Call centres are increasingly important for many businesses and are struggling consistently with the pressure of delivering a better service at a lower cost. Lean Six Sigma can improve the operation of a call centre through an increase in first-call resolution (that reduces the failure created by failing to answer the query in the first place), a reduction in call centre operator turnover (leveraging on training and experience), and streamlining the underlying processes, eliminating unnecessary operations. Given the large scale of many call-centre operations, even a relatively small improvement in the sigma value of the process can dramatically reduce the defect rate, increase customer satisfaction and deliver financial benefits to the bottom line (Rosenberg, 2005). By focusing on eliminating waste, identifying the real value-adding activities and using the DMAIC tools for problem-solving, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in the cost and customer service provided (Swank, 2003). 5. Case study 2: Lean Six Sigma in HR administration (Laureani Antony, 2010b) In the late 1980s, when Motorola implemented Six Sigma originally, obtaining astonishing results, the company was then faced with the dilemma of how to reward its employees for these successes (Gupta, 2005). This was the first time Six Sigma and HR practices came into contact, and a more accurate definition of HR practices was needed. If, in the past, the term HR was related only to administrative functions (e. g. payroll, timekeeping, etc. ), the term has increased substantially, in the last few decades, to include the acquisition and application of skills and strategies to maximize the return on investment from an organization’s human capital (Milmore et al, 2007). HR management is the strategic approach to the management of all people that contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business (Armstrong, 2006). As such it includes, but it is not limited to, personnel administration. In effect it includes all steps where an employee and an organization come into contact, with the potential of adding value to the organization (Ulrich, 1996). www. intechopen. com Lean Six Sigma in the Service Industry 9 As such, and merging terminology from Lean and HR, we define the following seven points as the Human Capital Value Stream Map: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Attraction Selection Orientation (or induction) Reward Development Management Separation Fig. 1. Human Capital Value Stream Map. The Human Capital Value Stream Map is a Lean technique that identifies the flow of information or material required in delivering a product or service to a customer (Womack Jones, 1996). Human capital is the accumulated skills and experience of the human force in an organization (Becker, 1993). The Human Capital Value Stream Map is the flow of human capital required for an organization to deliver its products or service to customers; the objectives of which are briefly described below: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Attract: to establish a proper employer’s brand that attracts the right calibre of individual. Select: to select the best possible candidate for the job. Orient: to ensure new employees are properly trained and integrated into the organization. Reward: to ensure compensation packages are appropriate and in line with the market. Develop: to distinguish talent and ensure career progression. Manage: to supervise and administer the day-to-day jobs. Separation: to track reasons for voluntary leavers and maintain a constructive relationship. It is possible to apply Lean Six Sigma tools to each step of the Human Capital Value Stream Map, in order to eliminate waste in the HR process Wyper Harrison, 2000). For each step in the Human Capital Value Stream Map it is necessary to establish proper quantitative metrics that allow objective assessment and control of the process step (Sullivan, 2003). This makes use of the more quantitative statistical tools from the Six Sigma toolbox possible. Establishing HR metrics can be controversial, with different parts of the organization having diff erent objectives (Jamrog Overholt, 2005), but the answer to these simple questions may help to focus on the real value each step can provide. 1. 2. 3. What is the expected deliverable of the step? What are the relevant metrics and key performance indicators of the step? What are the opportunities for defects in the step? www. intechopen. com 10 Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management For recruitment, for example, the answers to the above questions may be as follows. 1. 2. 3. Hire, in the shortest possible time, new members of staff to fulfil a certain job. The number of days to fill a vacancy (also define the acceptable norm for the organization). Any job remaining vacant for longer than the acceptable norm. Similar thought processes can be performed for other steps: having set metrics for each step of the Human Capital Value Stream Map, an organization is now in the position to apply Six Sigma DMAIC to it. Six Sigma can be used to improve administrative processes, such as HR processes. Implementing the Six Sigma DMAIC breakthrough methodology in HR follows the same path as implementing it in any other part of the organization. However, there are some specific key learning points and challenges for the HR area, such as: ? ? ? Difficulty in establishing an appropriate measurement system analysis and metrics; Data collection can be extremely difficult, as the project team is dealing with very sensitive issues; and Difficulty in performing any pilot or design of experiment. Any of these is going to impact on the behaviour of staff, making it difficult to measure its results accurately. As a result, projects may last longer than the standard four to six months and the wider use of tools such as brainstorming and ‘Kaizen’ workshops with domain experts may be necessary (Lee et al, 2008). Examples of potential Six Sigma projects in the HR function are: ? ? ? ? ? ? reduction of employees’ turnover reduction in time and cost to hire a new employee reduction in training costs reduction in cost of managing employees’ separation reduction in administrative defects (payroll, benefits, sick pay, etc. ) reduction in queries from the employee population to the HR department. Every area of an organization needs to perform better, faster and more cheaply, to keep the company ahead of the competition, and be able to satisfy ever-increasing customer expectations. HR is no exception: more cost-effective and streamlined HR processes will create value for the organization, instead of just being a support act for management (Gupta, 2005). 6. Case study 3: Lean Six Sigma in health-care delivery Health care is a complex business, having to balance continuously the need for medical care and attention to financial data. It offers pocket of excellence, with outstanding advances in technology and treatment, together with inefficiencies and errors (Taner et al, 2007). Everywhere in the world, the financial pressures on health care have increased steadily in the last decade. While an ageing population and technological investments are often cited as culprits for these financial pressures, unnecessary operational inefficiency is another source www. intechopen. com Lean Six Sigma in the Service Industry 11 of cost increases, largely under the control of health-care professionals (de Koning et al, 2006). Lean Six Sigma projects so far in the health-care literature have focused on direct care delivery, administrative support and financial administration (Antony et al, 2006), with projects executed in the following processes (Taner et al, 2007): ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? increasing capacity in X-ray rooms reducing avoidable emergency admissions improving day case performance improving accuracy of clinical coding improving patient satisfaction in Accident and Emergency (AE) reducing turn-around time in preparing medical reports reducing bottle necks in emergency departments reducing cycle time in various inpatient and outpatient diagnostic areas reducing number of medical errors and hence enhancing patient safety reducing patient falls reducing errors from high-risk medication educing medication ordering and administration errors improving active management of personnel costs increasing productivity of health-care personnel increasing accuracy of laboratory results increasing accuracy of billing processes and thereby reducing the number of billing errors improving bed availability across various departments in hospitals reducing number of postoperative wound infections and related problems improving MRI exam scheduling reducing lost MRI films improving turn-around time for pharmacy orders improving nurse or pharmacy technician recruitment mproving operating theatre throughput increasing surgical capacity reducing length of stay in AE reducing AE diversions improving revenue cycle reducing inventory levels improving patient registration accuracy improving employee retention The focus has been on the improve ment of clinical processes to identify and eliminate waste from the patient pathways, to enable staff to examine their own workplace, and to increase quality, safety and efficiency in processes (e. g. Fillingham, 2007; Silvester et al, 2004; Radnor and Boaden, 2008). The barriers specific to the deployment of Lean Six Sigma in health care, in addition to the ones commonly present in other industries, are: ? Measurement: it is often difficult to identify processes, which can be measured in terms of defects (Lanham and Maxson-Cooper, 2003). www. intechopen. com 12 ? Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management Psychology of the workforce: in the health-care industry it is particularly important to not use jargonistic business language, as this has a high chance of being rejected or accepted with cynicism by medical professionals The application of Lean Six Sigma in health care is still in its early stages. Therefore early successes in simple projects will pave the way for tackling more complicated initiatives in the future, initiating a positive circle of improvement, bringing clinical change on a broad scale. Appropriately implemented, Lean Six Sigma can produce benefits in terms of better operational efficiency, cost-effectiveness and higher process quality (Taner et al, 2007), as the case studies presented in this paper illustrate. The spiralling costs of health care means that unless health-care processes become more efficient, a decreasing proportion of citizens in industrialized societies will be able to afford high-quality health care (de Koning et al, 2006). Continuous process improvement is needed to ensure health-care processes are efficient, cost-effective and of high quality. The five case study applications we have examined in this paper provide examples of how Lean Six Sigma can help to improve health-care processes. The adoption of similar programs in other hospitals across the health-care sector will help the delivery of high quality health care to an increasing population. 7. Conclusion Lean Six Sigma is now accepted widely as a business strategy to improve business profitability and achieve service excellence, and its use in service organizations is growing quickly. However, there are a number of barriers to the implementation of Lean Six Sigma in services, such as the innate characteristics of services, as well as the manufacturing origins of Lean Six Sigma that have conditioned service managers to consider them as physical products only. On the other hand, as shown in the case studies, there are a number of advantages for the use of Lean Six Sigma in services (Eisenhower, 1999). Overall, the applications so far have showed the benefits (such as lowering operational costs, improving processes quality, increasing efficiency) to outweigh the costs associated with its implementation. 8. References Adams, C. , Gupta, P. Wilson, C. (2003) Six Sigma deployment. Burlington, MA, Butterworth-Heinemann. Antony, J. (2005a) Assessing the status of six sigma in the UK service organizations. Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Six Sigma, Wroclaw, pp. -12. Antony, J. (2005b) Six Sigma for service processes. Business Process Management Journal, 12(2), 234-248. Antony, J. , Antony, F. Taner, T. (2006), The secret of success. Public Service Review: Trade and Industry, 10, 12-14. Antony, J. , Kumar, M. Cho, B. R. (2007) Six Sigma in services organizations: benefits, challenges and difficulties, common myths, empirical ob servations success factors. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 24(3), 294–311. www. intechopen. com Lean Six Sigma in the Service Industry 13 Antony, J. , Kumar, M. Madu, C. N. 2005) Six Sigma in small and medium sized UK manufacturing enterprises: some empirical observations. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 22(8), 860-874. Antony, J. , Kumar, M. Tiwari, M. K. (2005) An application of Six Sigma methodology to reduce the engine overheating problem in an automotive company. IMechE – Part B, 219(B8), 633-646. Armstrong, M. (2006) A handbook of human resource management practice. London, Kogan Page. Becker, G. S. (1993) Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. e Koning, H. , Verver, J. P. S. , Van den Heuvel, J. , Bisgaard, S. Does, R. J. M. M. (2006) Lean Six Sigma in health care. Journal for Healthcare Quality, 28(2), 4-11. Eisenhower, E. C. (1999) The implementation challenges of Six Sigma in service business, International Journal of Applied Quality Management, 2(1), 1-24 Fillingham, D. (2007) ‘Can lean save lives? Leadership in Health Services, 20(4), 231-41. George, M. L. (2003) Lean Six Sigma for service: how to use Lean speed and Six Sigma quality to improve services and transactions. New York, McGraw-Hill. George, M. L. 2002) Lean Six Sigma: combining Six Sigma quality with Lean speed. New York, McGraw-Hill. Gettys, R. (2009) Using Lean Six Sigma to improve Call Centre operations. [Online]Available from: http://finance. isixsigma. com/library/content/c070418a. asp [Accessed 22nd January 2009]. Gupta, P. (2005) Six Sigma in HR, Quality Digest, QCI International. Harry, M. and Schroeder, R. (1999) Six Sigma: The breakthrough management strategy International Monetary Fund (IMF), (2011) World Economic Outlook Database. [Online] Available from: http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/in dex. aspx. Accessed 7th August 2011] Jacowski, T. (2008) Maximizing call centre resource utilization with Six Sigma. [Online] Available from: http://ezinearticles. com/? Maximizing-Call-Centre-ResourceUtilization-With-Six-Sigmaid=1014905. [Accessed 22nd January 2009]. Jamrog, J. J. Overholt, M. H. (2005) The future of HR metrics, Strategic HR Review, 5 (1) 3-3. Kotler, P. (1997) Analysis, planning ,implementation and control, 9th ed. Prentice-Hall. Lanham, B. Maxson-Cooper, P. (2003) Is Six Sigma the answer for nursing to reduce medical errors? , Nursing Economics, 21(1), 39-41. Laureani, A. Antony, J. 2010) Reducing employees’ turnover in transactional services: a Lean Six Sigma case study, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(7), 688-700 Laureani, A. , Antony, J. Douglas, A. (2010) Lean Six Sigma in a call centre: a case study, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(8), 757-768 Lee, Y. , Chen, L. Chen, S. (2 008) Application of Six Sigma methodology in human resources to reduce employee turnover rate: a case company of the TFT-LCD industry in Taiwan. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 14 (2), 117-128. Milmore, M. et al, (2007) Strategic human resource management: contemporary issues. Prentice Hall/Financial Times. www. intechopen. com 14 Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management Pande, P. , Neuman, R. Cavanagh, R. (2000) The Six Sigma way: how GE, Motorola and other top companies are honing their performance. New York, McGraw-Hill. Piercy, N. Rich, N. (2009) Lean transformation in the pure service environment: the case of the call centre. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 29 (1), 54-76. Radnor, Z. Boaden, R. (2008) Editorial: does Lean enhance public services? Public Money and Management, 28(1), 3-6. Regan, W. J. (1963) The Service Revolution, Journal of Marketing, 47, 57-62 Rosenberg, A. (2005) Six Sigma: the myth, the mystery, the magic: can Six Sigma really make an impact in your call centre? [Online] Available from http://www. callcentremagazine. com/shared/article/showArticle. jhtml? articleId= 59301130 [Accessed 22nd January 2009]. Silvest er, K. , Lendon, R. , Bevan, H. , Steyn, R. Walley, P. (2004) Reducing waiting times in the NHS: is lack of capacity the problem? Clinician in Management, 12(3), 105-11. Snee, R. D. 2010) Lean Six Sigma: getting better all the time, International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 1(1), 9–29. Snee, R. D. (2004) Six Sigma: the evolution of 100 years of business improvement methodology. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 1(1), 4–20. Snee, R. D. (1999) Why should statisticians pay attention to Six Sigma? Quality Progress, 32(9), 100–103. Sullivan, J. (2003) HR metrics the world class way, Kennedy Information. Swank, C. (2003) The Lean service machine. Harvard Business Review, October, 123-129. Taner, M. T. , Sezen, B. Antony, J. 2007) An overview of Six Sigma applications in the health-care industry. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 20(4), 329-340 Ulrich, D. (1996) Human resource champions. The next agenda for adding valu e and delivering results. Boston, Harvard Business School Press. Wheeler, D. J. Lyday, R. W. (1990) Evaluating the measurement process. 2nd ed. SPC Press. Womack, J. P. Jones, D. T. (1996) Lean thinking. New York, Simon Schuster. Wyper, B. Harrison, A. (2000) Deployment of Six Sigma methodology in human resource function: a case study. Total Quality Management, 11, (4/5/6), 720-727. Zeithaml, V. A. , Parasuraman, A. Berry, L. L. (1985), Problems and strategies in services marketing, Journal of Marketing, 49 (Spring), 33-46. www. intechopen. com Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management Edited by Mr. Yair Holtzman ISBN 978-953-51-0345-5 Hard cover, 200 pages Publisher InTech Published online 16, March, 2012 Published in print edition March, 2012 The chapters in Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management creatively demonstrate a valuable connection among operations strategy, operations management, operations research, and various departments, systems, and practices throughout an organization. The authors show how mathematical tools and process improvements can be applied effectively in unique measures to other functions. The book provides examples that illustrate the challenges confronting firms competing in today’s demanding environment bridging the gap between theory and practice by analyzing real situations. How to reference In order to correctly reference this scholarly work, feel free to copy and paste the following: Alessandro Laureani (2012). Lean Six Sigma in the Service Industry, Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management, Mr. Yair Holtzman (Ed. ), ISBN: 978-953-51-0345-5, InTech, Available from: http://www. intechopen. com/books/advanced-topics-in-applied-operations-managem ent/lean-six-sigma-in-theservice-industry InTech Europe University Campus STeP Ri Slavka Krautzeka 83/A 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Phone: +385 (51) 770 447 Fax: +385 (51) 686 166 www. intechopen. com InTech China Unit 405, Office Block, Hotel Equatorial Shanghai No. 65, Yan An Road (West), Shanghai, 200040, China Phone: +86-21-62489820 Fax: +86-21-62489821 How to cite Lean Six Sigma in Hrm, Papers

Power And Privilege In Aboriginal People †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Power And Privilege In Aboriginal People. Answer: Introduction: The secret river is a novel written by an Australian author, Kate Greenville, which has been adapted for theatre plays and television film. The novels major backdrop is vested in the British expansion in New South Wales and the relevant scenarios depicting the interactions between the white settlers and the aboriginal people in Australia. The definition of privilege could be identified as the exceptional advantage, immunity and rights anointed or accessed by a specific community or individual. Power can be defined in this context as the ability for influencing the behaviour of other individuals or course of events. Power and privilege result in Aboriginal people being marginalised The observation of power and privilege in the case of the secret river could be observed in the unwarranted treatment of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples by the newly arrived white settlers on the basis of racial superiority thereby depicting unauthorized exercise of power. Furthermore, the white settlers also depict potential highlights of privilege since they assumed control over the unclaimed lands in the area of the indigenous people without being concerned about the native laws regarding land ownership (Cur?eu, 2013). The identification of the large scale marginalization of the indigenous people of New South Wales i.e. the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander Peoples could be considered as a major impact on their health alongside concerns of cultural safety (UTS: Indigenous Health Resources, 2017). The current health status of the native people could be apprehended from the depiction of favourable health conditions among individuals above the age of 15 years that reported their health conditions as excellent or good. On the contrary, lower proportion of females of the indigenous population has indicated fair health i.e. 37% as compared to 42% among males (Fujii, 2014). However, the health status of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples is comparatively inferior that that of the non-aboriginal people alongside the observation of a substantial gap between the populations of older age people in each segment. Furthermore, the natives have also depicted profound indications of various health conditions referring to kidney diseases and circulatory diseases alongside the prominence of risk factors such as smoking (Hou, 2016). The interpretation of health status of the indigenous people refers to the influence of the disparities between the worldview and the persons view of health. The following essay is aimed at describing the differential between groups of people as well as the impact of these differences on the contemporary healthcare of native people of Australia. Ways In Which White Settlers Were Marginalised The key points which will be highlighted in the report include references to the impacts of power and privilege on marginalization of aboriginal people through evidences from readings and the film The Secret River. Thereafter the report is directed towards estimating the effect of power and privilege on dispossession of aboriginal people with notable inclusion of worldviews on land ownership (Kuriki, 2015). The following section of the essay refers to identification of ways in which white settlers experienced marginalization. Another significant part of the essay is directed towards the impact of British colonisation on the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in the contemporary scenario. The report also addresses the development of opportunities for nurses to provide culturally safe healthcare for the indigenous people through an understanding of the impact of colonisation. Power and privilege result in Aboriginal people being dispossessed The naturally aggressive behaviour of Smasher Sullivan towards the native residents could be observed as a formal example from the film regarding the marginalization of the native people. Power and privilege were substantially observed as major influences on the outcomes of Australias colonisation through literary sources also (Magin Yonge III, 2016). The basic rationale for Australias colonisation was generic ethnocentrism and xenophobia alongside the perceived limitations in the resident scientific climate. The impact of language used by the white settlers also suggested the demonstration of racial superiority. The film depicts the implication of language as a resource for accomplishing racial superiority in the example of the first encounter between Thornhill and the aborigines. In the encounter, it can be observed that the language of the aborigines is not known and the aborigines reply by repeating the phrase Be off uttered by William. This suggests the perception of inferiority of the race of aborigines by the white settlers. The encounter also serves as a formidable indicator of the feeling of power that can be validated on the grounds of inherent ethnocentrism of the white settlers (Majocha Mullennix, 2015). Dispossession can be defined generically as the act of depriving an individual or community of their land, possessions and property. The primary evidence that can be presented for the dispossession of aboriginal people is observed in the factor that the British colonists perceived insufficient use of the land resources by the aboriginal people. The film depicts this factor in the form of the arrival of convicts at New South Wales realizing freedom from being stalled in the lower strata of the society. The white settlers assume the lands to be unclaimed as in the case of William Thornhill, who named a piece of land as Thornhills point and expressed intent to own the land and live a prosperous life there. The evidence from readings was primarily directed towards the implications of cultural violence which led to the dispossession of the aborigines (McGillivray, et al., 2017). It is also imperative to apprehend the world views on land ownership in order to understand the context of disp ossession depicted in the readings as well as the film clip. The association of aborigines with the land can be perceived in terms of the definition of noble savage that can also be validated on the grounds of their behaviour depicted in the film. The aborigines in the film clip do not impose any sort boundaries on the land for ownership which depicts their worldview of land ownership i.e. their universal view regarding the claims to land. On the contrary, the significance of land ownership for the white settlers is observed in the form of a last option to develop a new life for themselves since they are convicts and have been released from the obligations to the society where their status was inferior. Now the source of conflict is apprehended in the vested superiority perceived by the settler convicts over the native individuals (Powell Powell, 2015). The behaviour of the aborigine leader towards William Thornhill observed in the film could be accounted as a formidable indicator of the marginalization of white settlers. Despite the limited instances, the marginalization of white settlers could be observed in the form of the refraining of aborigines from participating in the activities of the Europeans (Schindler, 2017). Furthermore, the marginalization of white settlers was also observed among themselves on the basis of preferences for favouring the integrity of the aborigines. The examples from the film which could validate this include the behaviour depicted by Smasher Sullivan for Blackwood on the basis of the latters advocacy for aborigines. The compounding of racial discrimination with the institutional practices related to the domain of healthcare refers to institutional racism. Institutional racism has been observed as a profound barrier for effective provision of healthcare services for the aboriginals in Australia (Uysal, 2013). The impact of institutional racism in healthcare can be profoundly observed from the interpretation of its effect on minority communities. Institutional racism could be resolved through apprehending the gaps imposed by it in the healthcare of aborigines in Australia. One of the explicit solutions could be identified in the form of analytical review of the various discrepancies noted in healthcare setting especially in terms of minimum cultural respect for the aborigines (Uysal, 2013). Effects of colonisation impact on the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People today Nurses could make prominent sociological inferences from the impact of colonisation on Australia to determine the apprehensions among the native people for receiving treatment from nurses and healthcare providers belonging to different cultural settings. Nurses could obtain a formidable impression of cultural safety from the interception of practical experiences of colonisation and its impact on the land, people and history (Powell Powell, 2015). The unawareness of historical context of colonisation in Australia could be associated with detrimental consequences as observed in examples of white nurses being unable to administer appropriate healthcare to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People (NITV, 2017). The benefits of anticipating the impact of colonisation would enable the nurses to address social mechanisms such as institutional and personal racism effectively thereby improving the quality of healthcare provided to native individuals (Schindler, 2017). Conclusion: The essay outlined references from film clip of The Secret River in order to illustrate the effect of power and privilege on marginalization and dispossession of native Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People due to the colonisation of Australia. The essay also emphasized on the implications of the healthcare setting in Australia for the native people and a prolific interpretation of the impact of colonisation on the same. One of the profound highlights that can be inferred from the report is vested in the recognition of the role of nurses in providing culturally safe healthcare on the basis of outcomes derived from an understanding of colonisations impacts. References Cur?eu, P. L. (2013). Demographic diversity, communication and learning behaviour in healthcare groups.The International journal of health planning and management,28(3), 238-247. Fujii, S. J. (2014). Diversity, communication, and leadership in the community college faculty search process.Community College Journal of Research and Practice,38(10), 903-916. Hou, X. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,258,151. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kuriki, S. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 8,934,355. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Magin, G. A., Yonge III, L. W. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,325,374. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Majocha, K. L., Mullennix, J. W. (2015). Shades of grey: An interdisciplinary approach to a constructive understanding of diversity in the communication classroom.Qualitative Research Reports in Communication,16(1), 29-37. McGillivray, M. E., Augart, S., Cranwell, J., Goerzen, M., Hong, M., Lee, R., ... Donnelly, T. T. (2017). Enhancing Social Diversity And Communication In An Assisted Living Facility For Older Adults: A Community Health Nursing Project.International Journal of Nursing Student Scholarship,4. Powell, R. G., Powell, D. L. (2015).Classroom communication and diversity: Enhancing instructional practice. Routledge. Schindler, A. (2017). Using soundscape indices to understand the effects of sound on diversity and communication. Uysal, N. (2013). Shifting the paradigm: Diversity communication on corporate web sites.Public Relations Journal,7(2), 8-36. UTS: Indigenous Health Resources. (2017). UTS: Indigenous Health Resources. Retrieved 4 September 2017, from https://utsindigenoushealth.com/ Why a connection to country is so important to Aboriginal communities. (2017). NITV. Retrieved 4 September 2017, from https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2015/10/22/why-connection-country-so-important-aboriginal-communities

Similarities and Differences in the Early Vs. Late 20th Century Europe free essay sample

Europe in the 20th century underwent many drastic changes, as to be expected over the course of 100 years. During that time, an industrial revolution took place, a feminist movement swept Europe, and new methods of government replaced the old ones. The political, social, and economic similarities and differences between the first half and the second half of the twentieth century in Europe occurred mostly in the areas of women’s roles, industrial technology, and the structure of the government. At the beginning of the 20th century, gender based roles were normal among middle class families all over Europe. Men were the main supporters for the family, working outside of the home and providing money and a home for the family. Women were to bear and raise children as well as tending to the needs of their husbands. As told by a woman living during the early 20th century, women were to â€Å"‘do anything which may please [her] husband, promote economy, or embellish [her] table,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Sandford). We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and Differences in the Early Vs. Late 20th Century Europe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Women remained legally inferior, economically dependent, and largely defined by family and household roles,† (Spielvogel 422-423). When it came to education, â€Å"the education of women should, of course, be strictly feminine,† (Sandford). School for women was compared to â€Å"sipping like butterflies at every flower† (Sandford). Education was seen as unnecessary to women since they would never use it. For men, it was different though. They still had to go to school and learn logic from Aristotle, science from Newton, and history from Thucydides and Livy. It was expected for boys to attend school to get a good education. These roles were accepted socially and would not change until later in the century. The second half of the 20th century was greatly different from the first half in terms of women. Women had more roles in the second half, and had greater access to education. Women were having less children on average and the population remained the same. This led to a bigger market for women to work in, including law, medicine, government, and education jobs. But just like the first half, women were forced to work for lower wages and received less opportunities. During the 70’s and 80’s, a women’s movement swept across Europe. Women sought more power over their bodies. Women came in the hundreds of thousands to demonstrate for laws for contraception and abortion. Since women were becoming more active in government, some actively began to take part in government. Margaret Thatcher shows very well how the ideals and roles of women changed over the course of the 20th century. Margaret Thatcher is best known for being the first and only woman to rule as prime minister of Britain as well as being the longest ruling prime minister. She broke through the previous names of women even being nicknamed â€Å"The Iron Lady† (Spielvogel 541). If Margaret had lived just 50 years earlier, she would not have had the same authority and chances to rule. This is an example of major differences between the first and second half of the twentieth century in terms of womens rights and roles. The second half of the 20th century was a time of change especially in terms of the industrial growth. New forms of technology were being invented and improved. Huge improvements were made in the areas of war and technology. The atomic bomb was invented by American and European scientists. The revolutionary new invention of computers has proved to be useful. The industries of science and technology flourished so much during the second half of the 20th century, some people worried about the effects that the technology production had on earth’s resources (Schumacher). In the beginning of the 20th century, the government in Russia was overly organized and Tsarist. The population of Russia was dramatically increasing, but the production of food was not increasing at the same rate as the population growth, leading to major food shortages. The people of Russia were very unhappy with the Tsar and there were many riots protesting their government due to the food shortages and Russia’s failed involvement in the First World War. On top of these problems, Russia was faced with a huge loss in life from the war, further upsetting the people of Russia. Many riots and demonstrations were held to protest the Tsar’s refusal to drop out of the war. This was a period of chaos and turmoil. Tsar Nicholas II was finally forced to abdicate in February of 1917 because he was disliked by most of Russia at the time. This was clearly a stage of despair and anger towards the government. After the Tsar resigned, the Duma took control. The Duma was the legislative body of Russia and they set up a provisional government whose goals were to restore the tsar and maintain order within society. Instead of focusing on problems within the country, the Duma’s main concerns were with the war. This resulted in an eruption of utter disarray of the people. Subsequently, the people lost all hope in the government and began to refuse all types of government. Society was in a free-for-all and theft was a major problem. â€Å"Apartments [emptied] themselves automatically of their objects of value† (Naudeau). All of these events led to total chaos in Russia with everyone in disbelief of the government. With all the chaos of the first half of the 20th century, a power was needed to assemble and organize Russia in the second half. A new thinking was brought by Mikhail Gorbachev. Gorbachev was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He launched a political movement called Perestroika to restructure the Communist Party. The purpose of Perestroika was to take the previous ideals of Leninism and combine them with Communism (Gorbachev). The previous dictatorship of over 70 years was ended by Gorbachev and the Communist Party began to gain more power (Mikhail). Just after Gorbachev was chosen as the Communist Party general secretary, he started to become immensely popular all around the world. Different from the Duma, Gorbachev had a new policy thats main purpose was to end the Afghan war. Gorbachev’s willingness to moderate the military shows how different the ruled from the previous ways of government. Gorbachev later began to reform political policies that had been in place since 1917, when the Duma was established. These policies included how leaders would be elected and removed the special status that Communist officials had over non-Communist officials. The monopoly that was willingly taken away from the Communists further separated the second half from the first half of the century politically. On the contrary, Gorbachev began to show similar qualities to the Tsar and the Duma. The industrial and agricultural output began to decline and the people became upset with the government. To deal with it, Gorbachev started to move towards a private ownership and system of farming. Since the people were no longer under heavy control, groups such as the Christian Armenians and the Moslem Azerbaijanis engaged in war between each other due to their rivalries (Mikhail). It is clear that there were differences between the Duma in the first half of the century, and Gorbachev in the second half, but similarities can also be seen between the two methods of ruling. Therefore, the political, social, and economic similarities and differences between the first half and the second half of the twentieth century in Europe occurred mostly in the areas of women’s roles, as shown through Margaret Thatcher, industrial technology, displayed in major inventions, and the structure of the government seen in Russia.

Heres Whats Cool in Spanish

Here's What's Cool in Spanish This is a cool Spanish lesson. How would you translate the above sentence to Spanish? Look up the word cool in a Spanish-English dictionary, and chances are the first word youll find is fresco - but that word is used to refer to something that isnt quite cold. Some larger dictionaries include words such as guay  as a slangy term, but thats hardly the only word that can be used. Bueno Can Be Good If for some reason you need to convey the idea of cool and have a limited vocabulary, you can always use a word you probably already know, bueno, which means good. Its not a particularly cool word and doesnt come across as colloquial, but it will get most of your idea across. And of course, you can always use the superlative form, buenà ­simo, for something thats especially good. Cool Words Vary by Region There may no good Spanish equivalent of cool that works everywhere, but native Spanish speakers in a forum sponsored by this site offered their perspective on what may be best. Heres a part of their conversation, held originally in Spanish and English: Chabela: How do you says cool, like thats cool! What do the teenagers say? I know it cant be translated directly, but ... Cyberdiva: One word to use is chà ©vere. Duras: It cant be translated directly, because each country has its own versions. VictorIm: Chà ©vere is kind of old-fashioned (1960s). Is there anything new? Bandini: Duras is correct. Every country has its own vocabulary for words like this. The particular word you mentioned (chà ©vere) originated in Venezuela but due to Venezuelas major export (Spanish soap operas), the word is now become popular in a dozen other Spanish speaking countries, including Mexico. Rocer: In Mexico we understand the word chà ©vere, but we dont use it. Only if we talk to Venezuelans or Colombians, I guess. Adri: When I was studying in Spain last semester, I learned from a native-speaking friend of mine that they say guay or quà © guay. Guero: I think chido and buena onda would work well for cool. VictorIm: Buena onda sounds old-fashioned to me. Anything with onda sounds old. Are there any new expressions? Dulces: I have heard est chido and est padre in Mexico. SagittaDei: A very common translation is genial, est genial. Is very widely used in the Spanish-speaking world. As has been pointed out, there are many words depending on the country. I use est bacano/a, est una chimba, es una verraquera and many others; but these are Colombianisms. We also use the anglicism cool as in es muy cool. Rich teenagers like to use English in this way. It also depends on the social level. By the way, eso es chà ©vere is less expressive than eso es genial, the former is like thats nice. Note that you can use either estar or ser with the obvious difference of permanent and transitional attributes. Tottefins: In Mexico they say padre or chido on the streets. However, on Mexican television they say genial. Maletadesueà ±os: Here in Texas you often hear quà © chido, est chido, quà © padre, etc. Other people who arent from here that I have spoken with, such as my friend who lives in Venezuela, think these expressions seem comical as theyre Mexicanisms. Rupdaddy: I have heard the word brbaro. Most of my studies have been of the Spanish of the Rà ­o de la Plata, Argentina. I know that in Uruguay, at least among the youth, they say de ms. Chabela: I know that in Uruguay sometimes the youth say de ms. Those words are the same, more or less, with what the youth say in the U.S. In Mexico, particularly Tijuana, the word curada is widely used as meaning cool. Sometimes recurada is heard. Ive also heard the term chulado by people who come from Mexico City. OjitosLindos: I think in Spain the verb molar is used like gustar to mean something similar to cool, for example: Me mola el cine would mean I like the cinema or the cinema is cool. I think this is only used among young people (teenagers). Anderwm: Yes, you are right. Molar is a teenager thing. In Costa Rica and Nicaragua the people use tuane.

The health effects of cannabis marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The health effects of cannabis marijuana - Essay Example This damage is similar in severity to the damage of those who suffer from lung cancer (Zimmer & Morgan, 2007, p. 20). The mildest respiratory effects of the consumption of marijuana include bronchitis, exacerbated phlegm production as well as emphysema. A study revealed that 36% of patients admitted to the hospital in the United States with flue-like symptoms were suffering from the side effects of consuming marijuana (Tashkin et al., 2004, p. 2). Moreover, in severe cases, heavy marijuana users may develop lethal complications. Hence, a massive Swedish study in 2013 has identified that 40 years of marijuana consumption double the risk of having lung cancer (Callaghan et al., 2013, pp. 1811-1820). Moreover, has a disastrous effect on cardiovascular system. Therefore, marijuana accelerates heartbeat and may provoke inflammatory processes in blood vessels. Moreover, a group of researchers from Birmingham, UK, has concluded that marijuana is likely to increase the risk of arrhythmias as well as causes dizziness and provokes falls (Krishnamoorthy et al., 2009, pp. 851-856). Furthermore, due to ethical concerns, the studies aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of marijuana and reproduction. The studies conducted on primates revealed that with the chronic consumption of marijuana sperm count decreased by a margin of 61% in males. Fertility in females decreased by up to 53%. Moreover, even with the surviving sperm cells their motility and ability to fertilize egg cells was significantly degraded (Zimmerman & Raj, 2007, p. 10). Krishnamoorthy, S., Lip, G., & Lane, D. (2009). Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use as Precipitants of Atrial Fibrillation in Young Adults: A Case Series and Literature Review.  The American Journal of Medicine,  122(9), 851-856. Zimmerman, S. & Raj, A. Y. (2007). Effects of cannabinoids on spremtogenesis in mice. In G. G. Nahas and W. D. M. Paton

Capital Budgeting Projects Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Capital Budgeting Projects - Research Paper Example The government of San Diego in undertaking these beneficial projects will face the difficulty in determining exactly the benefits. The benefits such as the effectiveness in transporting goods and reducing the cost of transportation can be easily highlighted. However, quantifying these benefits in monetary terms is very complex and cannot be accurately measures (Mikesell, 2011). The value of the goods transported and the speed of moving the human resource may not be determined without recording errors. The pursuance of these projects will also have some costs and negative externalities. During the development of the transport infrastructure, the government will incur costs of destroying the environment and moving the locals in order to get the space for expanding the projects. Moreover, destruction cost to the natural resources like rivers, trees and other resources cannot be easily determined. The increased number of automotives would increase the level of air pollution whose long term impact is hard to determine. Besides, the government must discount the future benefits and costs to determine the net present value. The rate of discounting the future benefits and the costs will pose the greatest challenge to the government (Mikesell, 2011). The use of an inappropriate rate may impair the decision of pursuing the project. In summary, the discounting of government projects remains difficult because of the non profit characteristics of the projects. The government in selecting the projects must however ensure that the projects pursued have more benefits compared to the costs. The San Diego capital improvement project in which the transport infrastructure is improved will definitely have more benefits than

Wet Mix and Dry Mix Concrete: Cost and Quality

Wet Mix and Dry Mix Concrete: Cost and Quality This is a conceptual proposal in which the main objective is to determine the cost and quality effectiveness on the application of modular wet mix and dry mix concrete batching plant. Based on the data collected over the pass years, a detail study was being conducted to determine the various cost factors arising from the setting up of concrete batching plant, production operations, quality control, inventory and delivery of the products to the customers. As this study covers the entire overall operations of a commercial concrete batching plant, the complexity of the various processes and functionalities has to be identified to provide a full understanding on the limitations on the speed, cost, quality, flexibility and dependability. This proposal is also inline with the company long term strategy of increasing the marketing share by twenty percent annual growth. Therefore, to achieve this goal, various steps have to be taken into consideration such as the speed, cost, quality, flexibility and dependability. Existing Dry Mix Concrete Batch Plant Plant Component The basic components of dry mix concrete batch plant and its related facilities are as tabulated below:- Item Descriptions Remarks 1 Ground Hopper For feeding of raw material, coarse and fine aggregates 2 Movable Inclined Conveyor To convey the coarse and fine aggregate to the designated storage compartment 3 Aggregate Storage Bin For storage on top of the aggregate weighing bin 4 Aggregate Weighing Bin For weighing of the coarse and fine aggregates 5 Shooting Conveyor To convey the coarse and fine aggregates at high speed which shoot directly into the mixer drum of the mixer truck 6 Cement Storage Silos For storage of cement OPC, PFA and Slag Cement 7 Cement Weighing Bin For weighing of various cement 8 Water Weighing Bin For weighing of water 9 Admixtures Weighing Bin For weighing of admixtures 10 Control Room To provide staff on the control of the production 11 Water Storage Tank For water storage 12 Aggregate Stockpile For storage of coarse and fine aggregates 13 Slump Check Platform For concrete slump check 14 Wheel Loader For material handling from aggregate stockpiles to ground hopper 15 Mixer Truck For mixing of concrete and delivery of finished products to customers 16 QC Laboratory For quality control and testing 17 Power Supply To provide power supply to the plants and other facilities either by TNB or generator set 18 Waste Material Storage To collect all waste material and disposed to designated area Figure 1 in the Appendix shows a typical dry mix concrete batch plant layout. The ideal size for setting up is plant is 2,950m2, this set up will include a laboratory for quality control, a site office for staff and other facilities such as workshop and weighbridge on material control. Process Flow of Dry Mix Plant The process flow of the entire dry mix plant operation per 8 m3 load is as illustrated below:- Cycle Time per Load = Batching + Mixing Slump Check + Delivery + Discharging + Return + Queuing = 5 min + 15 min + 30 min + 45 min + 30 min + 10 min = 135 min From the process flow mapping, it is clearly shown that the complete process cycle time for 8 m3 load is 135 minutes. As the plant capacity is 80m3/hour, if the efficiency of the plant is 80%, therefore the plant is capable of producing 8 loads of 8m3-load but all the rest of the processes are done by the mixer trucks from mixing to discharging at site. In order to have a smooth operation flow, the number of mixer truck required by this dry mix plant is calculated as below: Number of Mixer Truck = 135/60X8 = 18 From the calculation above, 18 units of mixer truck is required for the smooth operation. Quality of the Product In dry mix plant, all the pre-determined materials are charged into the mixer drum of the mixer truck, then the mixing and quality check are carried out by the individual mixer truck operator accordingly. The product quality is not consistent as this is done by the 18 mixer truck operators and therefore, quality is becoming a major issue in this type of plant as the requirement of the quality is increasing with the advancement in construction technology. This quality will also hinder the further penetration of market share and jeopardise in achieving the long term strategic goal. Cost This operating cost is only covering all the facilities except the raw material cost as this remains consistent either dry mix or wet mix plant. But there are other costs that everyone is aware of such as the maintenance cost of the mixer truck. In this case, the operating cost of the plant is cheap but the mixer truck is much higher as there are 18 units of mixer drums which are having high wear and tear parts as they are used for mixing the concrete. These costs will be tabulated in the comparison and the overall operating cost will be identified. Flexibility In term of flexibility, this dry mix plant will have a limitation in producing high grade concrete as the mixing is done by mixer truck. The mixer truck will not be able to mix consistently and thoroughly inside the mixer drum of the mixer truck as the mixing is only dependent on the ploughing and dropping action of the mixer blade on the side wall of the mixer drum. Other than this, it is the same as in other type of plants. Dependability The availability, reliability and maintainability of this plant is actually quite similar to the other types of plant available in the market but duration for each maintenance will be a little bit shorter than wet mix plant because the components is less and the mixing is transferred to the mixer truck, therefore the availability is better. The reason for this is, there are 18 units of mixer instead of 1 unit of mixer. Proposed Modular Wet Mix Plant Basic Plant Components The basic components of dry mix concrete batch plant and its related facilities are as tabulated below:- Item Descriptions Remarks 1 Ground Hopper For feeding of raw material, coarse and fine aggregates 2 Aggregate Weighing Bin For weighing of various types of aggregates 3 Horizontal Conveyor To convey the weighed coarse and fine aggregates to Inclined Conveyor 4 Inclined Conveyor To convey the weighed coarse and fine aggregates to the aggregate transfer bin 5 Aggregate Transfer Bin For storage on top of the Mixer 6 Mixer For mixing of concrete 7 Concrete Holding Hopper For holding of finished product before discharging into mixer truck 8 Cement Storage Silos For storage of cement OPC, PFA and Slag Cement 9 Cement Weighing Bin For weighing of various cement 10 Water Weighing Bin For weighing of water 11 Admixtures Weighing Bin For weighing of admixtures 12 Control Room To provide staff on the control of the production 13 Water Storage Tank For water storage 14 Aggregate Stockpile For storage of coarse and fine aggregates 15 Wheel Loader For material handling from aggregate stockpiles to ground hopper 16 Mixer Truck For mixing of concrete and delivery of finished products to customers 17 QC Laboratory For quality control and testing 18 Power Supply To provide power supply to the plants and other facilities either by TNB or generator set 19 Waste Material Storage To collect all waste material and disposed to designated area Figure 2 in the Appendix shows a typical modular wet mix concrete batch plant layout. The ideal size for setting up is also plant is 2,950m2, this set up will include a laboratory for quality control, a site office for staff and other facilities such as workshop and weighbridge on material control. Process Flow of Modular Wet Mix Plant The process flow of the entire modular wet mix plant operation per 8 m3 load is as illustrated below:- Cycle Time per 8 m3Load = Batching + Delivery + Discharging + Return + Queuing = 5 min + 30 min + 45 min + 30 min + 10 min = 120 min From the process flow mapping, it is clearly shown that the complete process cycle time for 8 m3 load is 120 minutes. As the plant capacity is 80m3/hour, if the efficiency of the plant is 80%, therefore the plant is capable of producing 8 loads of 8m3-load in just 5 minutes as the process of mixing is done by the mixer and mixer truck is only used for delivery and discharging at site. In order to have a smooth operation flow, the number of mixer truck required by this dry mix plant is calculated as below: Number of Mixer Truck = 120/60X8 = 16 From the calculation above, 16 units of mixer truck is required for the smooth operation. Comparison of Process Flow Item Descriptions Dry Mix Plant Wet Mix Plant 1 Batching 5 minutes 5 minutes (Mixing by Mixer) 2 Mixing 15 minutes (By Mixer Truck) 3 Delivery to Site 30 minutes 30 minutes 4 Discharging at Site 45 minutes 45 minutes 5 Return to Plant 30 minutes 30 minutes 6 Queuing at Plant 10 minutes 10 minutes 7 Total Cycle Time per Load 135 minutes 120 minutes 8 Mixer Truck Required 18 16 By looking at the table above, it is clearly shown that the cycle time per load is reduced by 15 minutes or 11%. The number of mixer truck required to complete the work in progress is also reduced by 2 units, there will be a significant improvement in the whole process flow and this will be reflected in the investment cost and operating cost later. Quality of the Product In wet mix plant, all the weighed materials are charged into the mixer of the mixer for mixing and quality check are controlled by the batching operator accordingly of which the product quality is consistent therefore, quality issues can be minimized in this type of plant as the requirement of the quality can be assured to fulfil the modern construction technology. This quality assurance will also help increase the image and market recognition thus, to further penetrate into the untapped market share and also in achieving the long term strategic goal. Cost This operating cost is only covering all the facilities except the raw material cost as this remains consistent either dry mix or wet mix plant. Tabulated on the next page is the comparison of the overall operating cost of the whole process flow. It can be shown that the overall operating cost is reduced by RM1.26/m3 or 7.2% and it is very significant and substantial as the annual production is huge. For example, an annual production of 1 million cubic meters will mean a saving of RM1.26 million and so on and so forth, thus increasing the profitability of the sales and competency in the market place. Comparison on Wet and Dry Mix Plant Operational Cost excluding Raw Material Flexibility In term of flexibility, the wet mix plant will have less limitation in producing high grade concrete as the mixing is done by mixer. The mixer will be able to mix consistently and thoroughly inside the mixer as the mixer is specially design for this specific purpose. It can also produce different types of design mix as required by customers. Another advantage is that the supply radius can be increased by 5 km, thus the coverage area. Dependability The availability, reliability and maintainability of this plant is actually quite similar to the other types of plant available in the market and the duration for each maintenance will be a little bit longer than dry mix plant because the components is more, therefore the availability is slightly less but this can be eliminated by pre-planned preventive maintenance. Conclusion With the study and experience that had been merged and input, it is strongly advisable to convert all the dry mix plant into the modular wet mix plant for the following reasons:- Cheaper operating cost as justified on the operating cost Better flexibility for high grade concrete Less mixer truck requirement Quality consistency and assurance All the above implementations will be justifiable to achieve the company long term strategy to provide the highest quality, service at the lowest cost and to increase the market share in the next 10 year.

Music and Religion in African-American Slave Culture

The buying, selling, and trading of human beings for personal labor, slavery, Is often thought to be singlehandedly the most atrocious thing that mankind as a whole has created. The horrors these innocent men, women, and children faced on a day to day basis was parallelled perhaps only by the soldiers fighting the war over their freedom. Though slavery was full of negatives, it also blossomed with positives as a means to cope.African-American slaves used several aspects of their native African ulture to cope, two primary components being music and religion. Slaves worked under constant watch by their owners, constantly fearing punishment for a slip-up. Enslaved African-Americans obviously resented the way they were being treated, end devised ways to rebel against their owners right under their noses.Reaching back to their African roots, slaves sang seemingly harmless songs to one another as they worked under the sweltering sum Little did their owners know that the slaves had eaved in tricate secret messages into their lyrical pieces, such as metaphors intended to ridicule their masters or to send signals to other slaves. Their music was a mix of tribal African rhythms and American religious music, as they relied heavily on their religion to cope from day to day.Even though their outlook was bleak, Slaves stayed positive in the face of sheer adversity through their faith. The most common faith emong slaves was that of christlanlty. he christlan doctrine being passed down from fathers to sons and so on, Initially, some slaves were not chrlstlan. and held fast to their old polytheistic beliefs from their home, Africa. Asslmllatlon was inevitable however, and nearly all negro slaves were converted Their native religion did not cease to exist, but rather lived on through a stylized take on christianity.They incorporated several aspects of the African religion with christianity, such as rituals and vocalization. Sometimes both religion and music came hand in hand to t he slaves, who praised their Lord through song and dance. Slaves kept their heads high in hopes of being freed someday. Even today, the Influences of slave music and religion can be seen In modern religion, gospel music, hip-hop, rap. and the like. Even though slavery Is a memory many try to forget, It can still be remembered positively through the culture that emerged through the confinement

Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9

The Symphony No. 9 is the last complete symphony by the great Ludwig van Beethoven, composed while he was completely deaf. Considered as one of Beethoven's greatest masterpieces, Symphony No. 9 is perhaps the best known compositions of romantic music.It is scored for strings, 2 oboes, 2 flutes, 2 clarinets in B-flat and C, piccolo (fourth movement only), 2 bassoons, contrabassoon (fourth movement only), timpani, triangle (fourth movement only), bass drum (fourth movement only), cymbals (fourth movement only), 3 trombones (alto, tenor, and bass, second and fourth movements only), 2 horns (3 and 4) in B-flat (bass), 2 horns (1 and 2) in D and B-flat, and 2 trumpets in D and B-flat. Symphony No. 9 also has vocal parts, consisting of baritone solo, soprano solo, tenor solo, alto solo, and a choir in four parts – bass, alto, soprano, and tenor (which is divided briefly into Tenor I and Tenor II).Beethoven shows in Symphony No. 9, as in his other symphonies, an exceptional gift for communication. Here, he radiated a supreme directness that makes the symphony totally accessible. The absolute emotional power in this symphony is readily understood and the revolutionary compositional ideas that make up the symphony are easily appreciated.It is revolutionary on many levels: rhythmic, melodic, harmonic, formal, emotional, and self-expressive. It is interesting in that it breaks with time-honored distinctions and conventions and to give precedence to Beethoven’s expressive desires and needs and desires. The ethereal, monumental, and triumphant emotion reflected in the Ninth Symphony is surprising given the energetic humor of Symphony No. 1, the worrying â€Å"fate knocking on the door† opening of Symphony No. 5, the pastoral reflection in Symphony No. 6.Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 is truly is among the greatest achievements of the human spirit. Symphony No. 9 is in four movements: the first movement is marked as allegro ma non troppo, un poco maes toso; the second movement as molto vivace, the third movement is marked as adagio molto e cantabile; and the fourth movement as presto/recitative. Beethoven’s arrangement adopts a somewhat unusual Classical pattern, with the scherzo movement in second position, instead of the normal third position.The symphony’s first movement is in sonata form, which follows a formal model that had guided the artist throughout his career. In general, the mood is stormy and bleak. A striking moment here is the commencement of the recapitulation section, which as opposed to literally repeating the pianissimo opening bars in D minor, it shifts to fortissimo D major, a key change which surprises many listeners, ironically, as expressing awe or terror. A scherzo, the second movement is in D minor.The theme in the opening echoes the theme of the first movement. The second movement is noteworthy for its timpani solos and propulsive rhythm. The third movement has the deeply felt and lyrical s low movement, in B-flat major. His movement is written in a loose variation form, with each of the two variations dividing the basic beat to produce a more elaborate melodic configuration than what went before – the first is in 4/4 time and the second is in 12/8 time.A virtuosic horn solo assigned to the fourth player is also notable in the third movement. Symphony No. 9 is famous for its choral finale, which has awed many listeners as somewhat rambling. Within the fourth movement are four movements. However, this final movement in the symphony is different from an independent symphony due to its thematic unity. Every part is based on either the main theme, the â€Å"Seid umschlungen† theme, or some combination of the two themes.

Organ Transplant - 2291 Words

An organ transplant is a surgical operation conducted to replace an organ unable to function properly with a new one. An organ, in turn, is an accumulation of cells and tissues gathered to perform the functions of body. Therefore, any part of the body which acts as a performer of specific function is called an organ. There are two possible ways of how the organ donation (OD) can take place. The first is the donation of cadaveric organs (organs from recently deceased people). The decision to donate in this way requires the consent of a person in the form of an indication on the driver license, like in the USA (Gruessner, Benedetti, 2008, 54) or health care document as an organ donor card, in Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, for example†¦show more content†¦Generally, Buddhism considers OD to be a positive act of human. Buddhists say that when a person dies, he should be treated with a care, but there is no essential focus on physical integrity, i.e. body is not necessary to be k ept integral (Oliver et al, 2010, 4). From this one might come up with a thought that buddhists’ focus on spiritual development and individual consciousness is given much attention in the religion, while preservation of physical body might not be crucial. Consequently, giving an organ to another person would not be perceived as inappropriate act, but rather as an expression of generosity and altruism. From the evidences presented above it may be concluded that none of the major religions forbids OD to be done by a person. Basically, they encourage people to make self-sacrificial, compassionate and benevolent to the humanity acts, such as donations. Likewise, some religions leave a space for people to identify whether they suppose OD to be an act of charity or mistreatment of individual’s self-esteem by themselves. Religion mostly directs a person to follow a right, in their understanding, path on grounds of what is appropriate and what should not be done to avoid mistakes or improper behavior. Meanwhile, people, being followers of a particular religion, might interpretShow MoreRelatedOrgan Of A Organ Transplant954 Words   |  4 PagesOrgan Transplant How do you feel when you really want something, but you have to wait for it? Especially if it was the result of either life or death. People all across America are in this situation. They need an organ transplant in order to live but they are put on a waiting list to see if they qualify for an organ which may come in time before they are to sick, or it may not come in time which ends in death. 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